Over the long term, it would be wise to consider introducing an additional source of in situ calibration ground truth for surface ocean observations, such as from Saildrones. The Saildrones carry sonic anemometers that are calibrated in wind tunnels, independently from the buoy anemometers. Some of the Saildrone observations have already been cross-calibrated or verified in proximity of the buoy locations in the tropical Atlantic and many missions have been successfully deployed in other ocean basins; they are planned to continue and possibly expand in the future. According to a recent article, NDBC Director Dr. William Burnett highlighted an urgent need for “a system of systems to resolve ocean observation gaps,” such as in the event of buoy “outages.” One example is a recent Saildrone long-term mission funded by NOAA Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO), to replace a buoy off the coast of Half Moon Bay, California, beginning in September 2023 and still ongoing in 2024. Using Saildrones in conjunction with the buoys, for shorter cross-calibration periods, would add confidence in the accuracy of both observational methods and provide robust, continuous monitoring and more stability to the integrated in situ and satellite observing system.
Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Andrew Manaster, and Richard Lindsley. "Investigation of a Calibration Change in the Ocean Surface Wind Measurements from the TAO Buoy Array," Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 106, 2 (2025): E242-E260, doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0072.1